Summers

Neurobiology acronyms

text: Principles of Neural Science - Kandel, Schwartz and Jessell: Read pages 317-348 for this lecture end

I. Nervous Systems 			back to  syllabus

	A. Central Nervous system
	
	
		1. Brain
		
		
		2. Spinal Cord
			
			a. receives sensory information;
			    returns motor commands
			
			
				i. interneurons to complete reflex actions
					
					(1) to/from the brain for coordinated
					     voluntary movement
		
		
	B. Peripheral Nervous systems
	
	
		1. Somatic or Voluntary NS
		
		
			a. sensory, afferent
			
			
				i. brings sensory information to the CNS
			
			
			b. motor, efferent
			
			
				i. signals from CNS, stimulating motor resoponses
				
				
				ii. skeletal efferents have ACh as neurotransmitter
			
			
		2. Autonomic Nervous Systems
		
		
			a. Sympathetic NS
			
			
				i. effective neurotransmitter is NE
			
			
			b. Parasympathetic NS
			
			
				i. Neurotransmitter is ACh
			
			
			c. Enteric NS
		

			
II. Regions of the Brain
	
	
	A. Brain stem  
	
	
		1. Hindbrain  
		
		
			a. medulla oblongata
		
		
				i. regulates autonomic functions such as digestion,
				    respiration, and heart rate (with pons)
		
		
			b. pons
			
			
				i. connecting pathway to the cerebellum
				   (esp. from cerebrum)
			
			
		2. Midbrain
			
			
			a. motor control of eye and skeletal movement
			
			
			b. relay for auditory and visual systems
			
		
	B. Cerebellum (also part of hindbrain but not brain stem)
	
	
		1. Input 
			
			a. somatosensory from spinal cord; motor from cerebral
			    cortex; balance from vestibular organ of inner ear
		
		
		2. Integrates information: coordinates planning, timing,
		    patterning, posture and movement of skeletal, head,
			and eye muscles
		
		
	C. Forebrain
	
	
		1. Diencephalon
		
		
			a. thalamus
				
				i. relay station: processes/distributes
				    almost all sensory and motor information
				
				
				ii. may regulate levels of awareness and emotional
				     aspects of sensory experiences via the cortex
			
			
			b. hypothalamus
				
				i. regulates hormone secretion
				
				
				ii. regulates autonomic ns, and has extensive
				     connections to thalamus, midbrain,
					 hindbrain, and cortex
				
			
		2. Telencephalon
		
		
			a. cerebral hemispheres include cortex,
			    underlying white matter
				(white matter is myelinated axons),
				and 3 deep nuclei:
				
				i. basal ganglia
				
				ii. hippocampal formation
					
				iii. amygdala

III. Cortical Lobes

Top